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- Demo ComplexOPs PROCEDUREs and FUNCTIONs
-
- Notes: 1. CIS(w) = COS(w) + i*SIN(w), w = -PI..PI
- 2. z = x + i*y
-
-
- Complex number definition/conversion/output: CSet/CConvert/CStr
-
- z rectangular z polar
- --------------------------- -----------------------------
- 1 0.00000000 + 0.00000000i 0.00000000*CIS( 0.00000000)
- 2 0.50000000 + 0.50000000i 0.70710678*CIS( 0.78539816)
- 3 -0.50000000 + 0.50000000i 0.70710678*CIS( 2.35619449)
- 4 -0.50000000 - 0.50000000i 0.70710678*CIS( -2.35619449)
- 5 0.50000000 - 0.50000000i 0.70710678*CIS( -0.78539816)
- 6 1.00000000 + 0.00000000i 1.00000000*CIS( 0.00000000)
- 7 1.00000000 + 1.00000000i 1.41421356*CIS( 0.78539816)
- 8 0.00000000 + 1.00000000i 1.00000000*CIS( 1.57079633)
- 9 -1.00000000 + 1.00000000i 1.41421356*CIS( 2.35619449)
- 10 -1.00000000 + 0.00000000i 1.00000000*CIS( 3.14159265)
- 11 -1.00000000 - 1.00000000i 1.41421356*CIS( -2.35619449)
- 12 0.00000000 - 1.00000000i 1.00000000*CIS( -1.57079633)
- 13 1.00000000 - 1.00000000i 1.41421356*CIS( -0.78539816)
- 14 5.00000000 + 0.00000000i 5.00000000*CIS( 0.00000000)
- 15 5.00000000 + 3.00000000i 5.83095189*CIS( 0.54041950)
- 16 0.00000000 + 3.00000000i 3.00000000*CIS( 1.57079633)
- 17 -5.00000000 + 3.00000000i 5.83095189*CIS( 2.60117315)
- 18 -5.00000000 + 0.00000000i 5.00000000*CIS( 3.14159265)
- 19 -5.00000000 - 3.00000000i 5.83095189*CIS( -2.60117315)
- 20 0.00000000 - 3.00000000i 3.00000000*CIS( -1.57079633)
- 21 -5.00000000 - 3.00000000i 5.83095189*CIS( -2.60117315)
-
-
- Complex arithmetic: CAdd, CSub, CMult, CDiv
-
- Let z1 = 1.000 + 1.000i or 1.414*CIS( 0.785)
- z2 = 1.732 - 1.000i or 2.000*CIS( -0.524)
-
- z1 + z2 = 2.732 + 0.000i or 2.732*CIS( 0.000)
- z1 - z2 = -0.732 + 2.000i or 2.130*CIS( 1.922)
- z1 * z2 = 2.732 + 0.732i or 2.828*CIS( 0.262)
- z1 / z2 = 0.183 + 0.683i or 0.707*CIS( 1.309)
-
-
- Complex natural logarithm: CLn = LN(z)
-
- Notes: 1. LN(z) is multivalued.
- 2. Any multiple of 2*PI*i could be added to/subtracted from LN(z).
- 3. LN(1)=0; LN(-1)=PI*i; LN(+/-i)=+/-0.5*PI*i.
-
- LN(z)
- z rectangular EXP( LN(z) ) = z
- ------------ --------------------------- ---------------------------
- 1 0.0 + 0.0i undefined
- 2 0.5 + 0.5i -0.346573590 + 0.785398163i 0.500000000 + 0.500000000i
- 3 -0.5 + 0.5i -0.346573590 + 2.356194490i -0.500000000 + 0.500000000i
- 4 -0.5 - 0.5i -0.346573590 - 2.356194490i -0.500000000 - 0.500000000i
- 5 0.5 - 0.5i -0.346573590 - 0.785398163i 0.500000000 - 0.500000000i
- 6 1.0 + 0.0i 0.000000000 + 0.000000000i 1.000000000 + 0.000000000i
- 7 1.0 + 1.0i 0.346573590 + 0.785398163i 1.000000000 + 1.000000000i
- 8 0.0 + 1.0i 0.000000000 + 1.570796327i 0.000000000 + 1.000000000i
- 9 -1.0 + 1.0i 0.346573590 + 2.356194490i -1.000000000 + 1.000000000i
- 10 -1.0 + 0.0i 0.000000000 + 3.141592654i -1.000000000 + 0.000000000i
- 11 -1.0 - 1.0i 0.346573590 - 2.356194490i -1.000000000 - 1.000000000i
- 12 0.0 - 1.0i 0.000000000 - 1.570796327i 0.000000000 - 1.000000000i
- 13 1.0 - 1.0i 0.346573590 - 0.785398163i 1.000000000 - 1.000000000i
- 14 5.0 + 0.0i 1.609437912 + 0.000000000i 5.000000000 + 0.000000000i
- 15 5.0 + 3.0i 1.763180262 + 0.540419500i 5.000000000 + 3.000000000i
- 16 0.0 + 3.0i 1.098612289 + 1.570796327i 0.000000000 + 3.000000000i
- 17 -5.0 + 3.0i 1.763180262 + 2.601173153i -5.000000000 + 3.000000000i
- 18 -5.0 + 0.0i 1.609437912 + 3.141592654i -5.000000000 + 0.000000000i
- 19 -5.0 - 3.0i 1.763180262 - 2.601173153i -5.000000000 - 3.000000000i
- 20 0.0 - 3.0i 1.098612289 - 1.570796327i 0.000000000 - 3.000000000i
- 21 -5.0 - 3.0i 1.763180262 - 2.601173153i -5.000000000 - 3.000000000i
- 22 -20.0 + 20.0i 3.342305864 + 2.356194490i -20.000000000 +20.000000000i
-
-
- Complex exponential: CExp = EXP(z)
-
- EXP(z)
- z rectangular LN( EXP(z) ) = z
- ------------ --------------------------- ---------------------------
- 1 0.0 + 0.0i 1.000000000 + 0.000000000i 0.000000000 + 0.000000000i
- 2 0.5 + 0.5i 1.446889037 + 0.790439083i 0.500000000 + 0.500000000i
- 3 -0.5 + 0.5i 0.532280730 + 0.290786288i -0.500000000 + 0.500000000i
- 4 -0.5 - 0.5i 0.532280730 - 0.290786288i -0.500000000 - 0.500000000i
- 5 0.5 - 0.5i 1.446889037 - 0.790439083i 0.500000000 - 0.500000000i
- 6 1.0 + 0.0i 2.718281828 + 0.000000000i 1.000000000 + 0.000000000i
- 7 1.0 + 1.0i 1.468693940 + 2.287355287i 1.000000000 + 1.000000000i
- 8 0.0 + 1.0i 0.540302306 + 0.841470985i 0.000000000 + 1.000000000i
- 9 -1.0 + 1.0i 0.198766110 + 0.309559876i -1.000000000 + 1.000000000i
- 10 -1.0 + 0.0i 0.367879441 + 0.000000000i -1.000000000 + 0.000000000i
- 11 -1.0 - 1.0i 0.198766110 - 0.309559876i -1.000000000 - 1.000000000i
- 12 0.0 - 1.0i 0.540302306 - 0.841470985i 0.000000000 - 1.000000000i
- 13 1.0 - 1.0i 1.468693940 - 2.287355287i 1.000000000 - 1.000000000i
- 14 5.0 + 0.0i 148.4131591 + 0.0000000i 5.0000000 + 0.0000000i
- 15 5.0 + 3.0i -146.9279139 + 20.9440662i 5.0000000 + 3.0000000i
- 16 0.0 + 3.0i -0.989992497 + 0.141120008i 0.000000000 + 3.000000000i
- 17 -5.0 + 3.0i -0.006670517 + 0.000950859i -5.000000000 + 3.000000000i
- 18 -5.0 + 0.0i 0.006737947 + 0.000000000i -5.000000000 + 0.000000000i
- 19 -5.0 - 3.0i -0.006670517 - 0.000950859i -5.000000000 - 3.000000000i
- 20 0.0 - 3.0i -0.989992497 - 0.141120008i 0.000000000 - 3.000000000i
- 21 -5.0 - 3.0i -0.006670517 - 0.000950859i -5.000000000 - 3.000000000i
- 22 -20.0 + 20.0i 0.000000001 + 0.000000002i -20.000000000 + 1.150444078i
-
-
- Complex power: CPwr = z1^z2
-
- z^(-1+i) z^(-1+i)
- z rectangular polar
- ------------ --------------------------- -----------------------------
- 1 0.0 + 0.0i undefined
- 2 0.5 + 0.5i 0.273957254 - 0.583700759i 0.644793884*CIS(-1.131971754)
- 3 -0.5 + 0.5i -0.121339466 - 0.056950118i 0.134039479*CIS(-2.702768080)
- 4 -0.5 - 0.5i -6.339560605 +13.507239848i 14.920977079*CIS( 2.009620900)
- 5 0.5 - 0.5i 2.807879297 + 1.317865173i 3.101766394*CIS( 0.438824573)
- 6 1.0 + 0.0i 1.000000000 + 0.000000000i 1.000000000*CIS( 0.000000000)
- 7 1.0 + 1.0i 0.291850379 - 0.136978627i 0.322396942*CIS(-0.438824573)
- 8 0.0 + 1.0i 0.000000000 - 0.207879576i 0.207879576*CIS(-1.570796327)
- 9 -1.0 + 1.0i -0.028475059 - 0.060669733i 0.067019740*CIS(-2.009620900)
- 10 -1.0 + 0.0i -0.043213918 + 0.000000000i 0.043213918*CIS(-3.141592654)
- 11 -1.0 - 1.0i -6.753619924 + 3.169780303i 7.460488539*CIS( 2.702768080)
- 12 0.0 - 1.0i 0.000000000 + 4.810477381i 4.810477381*CIS( 1.570796327)
- 13 1.0 - 1.0i 0.658932586 + 1.403939649i 1.550883197*CIS( 1.131971754)
- 14 5.0 + 0.0i -0.007726394 + 0.199850701i 0.200000000*CIS( 1.609437912)
- 15 5.0 + 3.0i 0.034070593 + 0.093909115i 0.099898585*CIS( 1.222760762)
- 16 0.0 + 3.0i 0.061710926 - 0.031516790i 0.069293192*CIS(-0.472184038)
- 17 -5.0 + 3.0i 0.008511047 - 0.009456941i 0.012722879*CIS(-0.837992891)
- 18 -5.0 + 0.0i 0.000333888 - 0.008636332i 0.008642784*CIS(-1.532154741)
- 19 -5.0 - 3.0i -0.788417122 - 2.173121965i 2.311722438*CIS(-1.918831892)
- 20 0.0 - 3.0i -1.428033572 + 0.729320361i 1.603492460*CIS( 2.669408615)
- 21 -5.0 - 3.0i -0.788417122 - 2.173121965i 2.311722438*CIS(-1.918831892)
-
-
- Complex cosine: CCos = COS(z)
-
- COS(z) COS(z)
- z rectangular polar
- ------------ --------------------------- -----------------------------
- 1 0.0 + 0.0i 1.000000000 + 0.000000000i 1.000000000*CIS( 0.000000000)
- 2 0.5 + 0.5i 0.989584883 - 0.249826398i 1.020632877*CIS(-0.247288622)
- 3 -0.5 + 0.5i 0.989584883 + 0.249826398i 1.020632877*CIS( 0.247288622)
- 4 -0.5 - 0.5i 0.989584883 - 0.249826398i 1.020632877*CIS(-0.247288622)
- 5 0.5 - 0.5i 0.989584883 + 0.249826398i 1.020632877*CIS( 0.247288622)
- 6 1.0 + 0.0i 0.540302306 + 0.000000000i 0.540302306*CIS( 0.000000000)
- 7 1.0 + 1.0i 0.833730025 - 0.988897706i 1.293454455*CIS(-0.870327425)
- 8 0.0 + 1.0i 1.543080635 + 0.000000000i 1.543080635*CIS( 0.000000000)
- 9 -1.0 + 1.0i 0.833730025 + 0.988897706i 1.293454455*CIS( 0.870327425)
- 10 -1.0 + 0.0i 0.540302306 + 0.000000000i 0.540302306*CIS( 0.000000000)
- 11 -1.0 - 1.0i 0.833730025 - 0.988897706i 1.293454455*CIS(-0.870327425)
- 12 0.0 - 1.0i 1.543080635 + 0.000000000i 1.543080635*CIS( 0.000000000)
- 13 1.0 - 1.0i 0.833730025 + 0.988897706i 1.293454455*CIS( 0.870327425)
- 14 5.0 + 0.0i 0.283662185 + 0.000000000i 0.283662185*CIS( 0.000000000)
- 15 5.0 + 3.0i 2.8558150 + 9.6063834i 10.0218902*CIS( 1.2818340)
- 16 0.0 + 3.0i 10.0676620 + 0.0000000i 10.0676620*CIS( 0.0000000)
- 17 -5.0 + 3.0i 2.8558150 - 9.6063834i 10.0218902*CIS( -1.2818340)
- 18 -5.0 + 0.0i 0.283662185 + 0.000000000i 0.283662185*CIS( 0.000000000)
- 19 -5.0 - 3.0i 2.8558150 + 9.6063834i 10.0218902*CIS( 1.2818340)
- 20 0.0 - 3.0i 10.0676620 + 0.0000000i 10.0676620*CIS( 0.0000000)
- 21 -5.0 - 3.0i 2.8558150 + 9.6063834i 10.0218902*CIS( 1.2818340)
-
-
- Complex sine: CSin = SIN(z)
-
- SIN(z)
- z rectangular SIN^2(z)+COS^2(z)=1
- ------------ --------------------------- ---------------------------
- 1 0.0 + 0.0i 0.000000000 + 0.000000000i 1.000000000 + 0.000000000i
- 2 0.5 + 0.5i 0.540612686 + 0.457304153i 1.000000000 + 0.000000000i
- 3 -0.5 + 0.5i -0.540612686 + 0.457304153i 1.000000000 + 0.000000000i
- 4 -0.5 - 0.5i -0.540612686 - 0.457304153i 1.000000000 + 0.000000000i
- 5 0.5 - 0.5i 0.540612686 - 0.457304153i 1.000000000 + 0.000000000i
- 6 1.0 + 0.0i 0.841470985 + 0.000000000i 1.000000000 + 0.000000000i
- 7 1.0 + 1.0i 1.298457581 + 0.634963915i 1.000000000 + 0.000000000i
- 8 0.0 + 1.0i 0.000000000 + 1.175201194i 1.000000000 + 0.000000000i
- 9 -1.0 + 1.0i -1.298457581 + 0.634963915i 1.000000000 + 0.000000000i
- 10 -1.0 + 0.0i -0.841470985 + 0.000000000i 1.000000000 + 0.000000000i
- 11 -1.0 - 1.0i -1.298457581 - 0.634963915i 1.000000000 + 0.000000000i
- 12 0.0 - 1.0i 0.000000000 - 1.175201194i 1.000000000 + 0.000000000i
- 13 1.0 - 1.0i 1.298457581 - 0.634963915i 1.000000000 + 0.000000000i
- 14 5.0 + 0.0i -0.958924275 + 0.000000000i 1.000000000 + 0.000000000i
- 15 5.0 + 3.0i -9.6541255 + 2.8416923i 1.000000000 + 0.000000000i
- 16 0.0 + 3.0i 0.0000000 + 10.0178749i 1.000000000 + 0.000000000i
- 17 -5.0 + 3.0i 9.6541255 + 2.8416923i 1.000000000 + 0.000000000i
- 18 -5.0 + 0.0i 0.958924275 + 0.000000000i 1.000000000 + 0.000000000i
- 19 -5.0 - 3.0i 9.6541255 - 2.8416923i 1.000000000 + 0.000000000i
- 20 0.0 - 3.0i 0.0000000 - 10.0178749i 1.000000000 + 0.000000000i
- 21 -5.0 - 3.0i 9.6541255 - 2.8416923i 1.000000000 + 0.000000000i
-
-
- Complex tangent: CTan = TAN(z)
-
- TAN(z) TAN(z)
- z rectangular polar
- ------------ --------------------------- -----------------------------
- 1 0.0 + 0.0i 0.000000000 + 0.000000000i 0.000000000*CIS( 0.000000000)
- 2 0.5 + 0.5i 0.403896455 + 0.564083141i 0.693773837*CIS( 0.949397477)
- 3 -0.5 + 0.5i -0.403896455 + 0.564083141i 0.693773837*CIS( 2.192195177)
- 4 -0.5 - 0.5i -0.403896455 - 0.564083141i 0.693773837*CIS(-2.192195177)
- 5 0.5 - 0.5i 0.403896455 - 0.564083141i 0.693773837*CIS(-0.949397477)
- 6 1.0 + 0.0i 1.557407725 + 0.000000000i 1.557407725*CIS( 0.000000000)
- 7 1.0 + 1.0i 0.271752585 + 1.083923327i 1.117470021*CIS( 1.325147658)
- 8 0.0 + 1.0i 0.000000000 + 0.761594156i 0.761594156*CIS( 1.570796327)
- 9 -1.0 + 1.0i -0.271752585 + 1.083923327i 1.117470021*CIS( 1.816444995)
- 10 -1.0 + 0.0i -1.557407725 + 0.000000000i 1.557407725*CIS( 3.141592654)
- 11 -1.0 - 1.0i -0.271752585 - 1.083923327i 1.117470021*CIS(-1.816444995)
- 12 0.0 - 1.0i 0.000000000 - 0.761594156i 0.761594156*CIS(-1.570796327)
- 13 1.0 - 1.0i 0.271752585 - 1.083923327i 1.117470021*CIS(-1.325147658)
- 14 5.0 + 0.0i -3.380515006 + 0.000000000i 3.380515006*CIS( 3.141592654)
- 15 5.0 + 3.0i -0.002708236 + 1.004164711i 1.004168363*CIS( 1.573493324)
- 16 0.0 + 3.0i 0.000000000 + 0.995054754i 0.995054754*CIS( 1.570796327)
- 17 -5.0 + 3.0i 0.002708236 + 1.004164711i 1.004168363*CIS( 1.568099330)
- 18 -5.0 + 0.0i 3.380515006 + 0.000000000i 3.380515006*CIS( 0.000000000)
- 19 -5.0 - 3.0i 0.002708236 - 1.004164711i 1.004168363*CIS(-1.568099330)
- 20 0.0 - 3.0i 0.000000000 - 0.995054754i 0.995054754*CIS(-1.570796327)
- 21 -5.0 - 3.0i 0.002708236 - 1.004164711i 1.004168363*CIS(-1.568099330)
-
-
- Complex hyperbolic cosine: CCosh = COSH(z)
-
- COSH(z) COSH(z)
- z rectangular polar
- ------------ --------------------------- -----------------------------
- 1 0.0 + 0.0i 1.000000000 + 0.000000000i 1.000000000*CIS( 0.000000000)
- 2 0.5 + 0.5i 0.989584883 + 0.249826398i 1.020632877*CIS( 0.247288622)
- 3 -0.5 + 0.5i 0.989584883 - 0.249826398i 1.020632877*CIS(-0.247288622)
- 4 -0.5 - 0.5i 0.989584883 + 0.249826398i 1.020632877*CIS( 0.247288622)
- 5 0.5 - 0.5i 0.989584883 - 0.249826398i 1.020632877*CIS(-0.247288622)
- 6 1.0 + 0.0i 1.543080635 + 0.000000000i 1.543080635*CIS( 0.000000000)
- 7 1.0 + 1.0i 0.833730025 + 0.988897706i 1.293454455*CIS( 0.870327425)
- 8 0.0 + 1.0i 0.540302306 + 0.000000000i 0.540302306*CIS( 0.000000000)
- 9 -1.0 + 1.0i 0.833730025 - 0.988897706i 1.293454455*CIS(-0.870327425)
- 10 -1.0 + 0.0i 1.543080635 + 0.000000000i 1.543080635*CIS( 0.000000000)
- 11 -1.0 - 1.0i 0.833730025 + 0.988897706i 1.293454455*CIS( 0.870327425)
- 12 0.0 - 1.0i 0.540302306 + 0.000000000i 0.540302306*CIS( 0.000000000)
- 13 1.0 - 1.0i 0.833730025 - 0.988897706i 1.293454455*CIS(-0.870327425)
- 14 5.0 + 0.0i 74.2099485 + 0.0000000i 74.2099485*CIS( 0.0000000)
- 15 5.0 + 3.0i -73.4672922 + 10.4715577i 74.2098143*CIS( 3.0000127)
- 16 0.0 + 3.0i -0.989992497 + 0.000000000i 0.989992497*CIS( 3.141592654)
- 17 -5.0 + 3.0i -73.4672922 - 10.4715577i 74.2098143*CIS( -3.0000127)
- 18 -5.0 + 0.0i 74.2099485 + 0.0000000i 74.2099485*CIS( 0.0000000)
- 19 -5.0 - 3.0i -73.4672922 + 10.4715577i 74.2098143*CIS( 3.0000127)
- 20 0.0 - 3.0i -0.989992497 + 0.000000000i 0.989992497*CIS( 3.141592654)
- 21 -5.0 - 3.0i -73.4672922 + 10.4715577i 74.2098143*CIS( 3.0000127)
-
-
- Complex hyperbolic sine: CSinh = SINH(z)
-
- SINH(z)
- z rectangular COSH^2(z)-SINH^2(z)=1
- ------------ --------------------------- ---------------------------
- 1 0.0 + 0.0i 0.000000000 + 0.000000000i 1.000000000 + 0.000000000i
- 2 0.5 + 0.5i 0.457304153 + 0.540612686i 1.000000000 + 0.000000000i
- 3 -0.5 + 0.5i -0.457304153 + 0.540612686i 1.000000000 + 0.000000000i
- 4 -0.5 - 0.5i -0.457304153 - 0.540612686i 1.000000000 + 0.000000000i
- 5 0.5 - 0.5i 0.457304153 - 0.540612686i 1.000000000 + 0.000000000i
- 6 1.0 + 0.0i 1.175201194 + 0.000000000i 1.000000000 + 0.000000000i
- 7 1.0 + 1.0i 0.634963915 + 1.298457581i 1.000000000 + 0.000000000i
- 8 0.0 + 1.0i 0.000000000 + 0.841470985i 1.000000000 + 0.000000000i
- 9 -1.0 + 1.0i -0.634963915 + 1.298457581i 1.000000000 + 0.000000000i
- 10 -1.0 + 0.0i -1.175201194 + 0.000000000i 1.000000000 + 0.000000000i
- 11 -1.0 - 1.0i -0.634963915 - 1.298457581i 1.000000000 + 0.000000000i
- 12 0.0 - 1.0i 0.000000000 - 0.841470985i 1.000000000 + 0.000000000i
- 13 1.0 - 1.0i 0.634963915 - 1.298457581i 1.000000000 + 0.000000000i
- 14 5.0 + 0.0i 74.2032106 + 0.0000000i 1.000000000 + 0.000000000i
- 15 5.0 + 3.0i -73.4606217 + 10.4725085i 1.000000000 + 0.000000000i
- 16 0.0 + 3.0i 0.000000000 + 0.141120008i 1.000000000 + 0.000000000i
- 17 -5.0 + 3.0i 73.4606217 + 10.4725085i 1.000000000 + 0.000000000i
- 18 -5.0 + 0.0i -74.2032106 + 0.0000000i 1.000000000 + 0.000000000i
- 19 -5.0 - 3.0i 73.4606217 - 10.4725085i 1.000000000 + 0.000000000i
- 20 0.0 - 3.0i 0.000000000 - 0.141120008i 1.000000000 + 0.000000000i
- 21 -5.0 - 3.0i 73.4606217 - 10.4725085i 1.000000000 + 0.000000000i
-
-
- Complex hyperbolic tangent: CTanh = TANH(z)
-
- TANH(z) TANH(z)
- z rectangular polar
- ------------ --------------------------- -----------------------------
- 1 0.0 + 0.0i 0.000000000 + 0.000000000i 0.000000000*CIS( 0.000000000)
- 2 0.5 + 0.5i 0.564083141 + 0.403896455i 0.693773837*CIS( 0.621398850)
- 3 -0.5 + 0.5i -0.564083141 + 0.403896455i 0.693773837*CIS( 2.520193804)
- 4 -0.5 - 0.5i -0.564083141 - 0.403896455i 0.693773837*CIS(-2.520193804)
- 5 0.5 - 0.5i 0.564083141 - 0.403896455i 0.693773837*CIS(-0.621398850)
- 6 1.0 + 0.0i 0.761594156 + 0.000000000i 0.761594156*CIS( 0.000000000)
- 7 1.0 + 1.0i 1.083923327 + 0.271752585i 1.117470021*CIS( 0.245648668)
- 8 0.0 + 1.0i 0.000000000 + 1.557407725i 1.557407725*CIS( 1.570796327)
- 9 -1.0 + 1.0i -1.083923327 + 0.271752585i 1.117470021*CIS( 2.895943985)
- 10 -1.0 + 0.0i -0.761594156 + 0.000000000i 0.761594156*CIS( 3.141592654)
- 11 -1.0 - 1.0i -1.083923327 - 0.271752585i 1.117470021*CIS(-2.895943985)
- 12 0.0 - 1.0i 0.000000000 - 1.557407725i 1.557407725*CIS(-1.570796327)
- 13 1.0 - 1.0i 1.083923327 - 0.271752585i 1.117470021*CIS(-0.245648668)
- 14 5.0 + 0.0i 0.999909204 + 0.000000000i 0.999909204*CIS( 0.000000000)
- 15 5.0 + 3.0i 0.999912820 - 0.000025369i 0.999912820*CIS(-0.000025371)
- 16 0.0 + 3.0i 0.000000000 - 0.142546543i 0.142546543*CIS(-1.570796327)
- 17 -5.0 + 3.0i -0.999912820 - 0.000025369i 0.999912820*CIS(-3.141567283)
- 18 -5.0 + 0.0i -0.999909204 + 0.000000000i 0.999909204*CIS( 3.141592654)
- 19 -5.0 - 3.0i -0.999912820 + 0.000025369i 0.999912820*CIS( 3.141567283)
- 20 0.0 - 3.0i 0.000000000 + 0.142546543i 0.142546543*CIS( 1.570796327)
- 21 -5.0 - 3.0i -0.999912820 + 0.000025369i 0.999912820*CIS( 3.141567283)
-
-
- Absolute value of complex number: CAbs = ABS(z)
-
- z ABS(z)
- ------------ ------------
- 1 0.0 + 0.0i 0.000000000
- 2 0.5 + 0.5i 0.707106781
- 3 -0.5 + 0.5i 0.707106781
- 4 -0.5 - 0.5i 0.707106781
- 5 0.5 - 0.5i 0.707106781
- 6 1.0 + 0.0i 1.000000000
- 7 1.0 + 1.0i 1.414213562
- 8 0.0 + 1.0i 1.000000000
- 9 -1.0 + 1.0i 1.414213562
- 10 -1.0 + 0.0i 1.000000000
- 11 -1.0 - 1.0i 1.414213562
- 12 0.0 - 1.0i 1.000000000
- 13 1.0 - 1.0i 1.414213562
- 14 5.0 + 0.0i 5.000000000
- 15 5.0 + 3.0i 5.830951895
- 16 0.0 + 3.0i 3.000000000
- 17 -5.0 + 3.0i 5.830951895
- 18 -5.0 + 0.0i 5.000000000
- 19 -5.0 - 3.0i 5.830951895
- 20 0.0 - 3.0i 3.000000000
- 21 -5.0 - 3.0i 5.830951895
-
- Complex integer power: CIntPwr = z^n (using DeMoivre's Theorem)
-
- z^3 z^3
- z rectangular polar
- ------------ --------------------------- -----------------------------
- 1 0.0 + 0.0i undefined
- 2 0.5 + 0.5i -0.250000000 + 0.250000000i 0.353553391*CIS( 2.356194490)
- 3 -0.5 + 0.5i 0.250000000 + 0.250000000i 0.353553391*CIS( 0.785398163)
- 4 -0.5 - 0.5i 0.250000000 - 0.250000000i 0.353553391*CIS(-0.785398163)
- 5 0.5 - 0.5i -0.250000000 - 0.250000000i 0.353553391*CIS(-2.356194490)
- 6 1.0 + 0.0i 1.000000000 + 0.000000000i 1.000000000*CIS( 0.000000000)
- 7 1.0 + 1.0i -2.000000000 + 2.000000000i 2.828427125*CIS( 2.356194490)
- 8 0.0 + 1.0i 0.000000000 - 1.000000000i 1.000000000*CIS(-1.570796327)
- 9 -1.0 + 1.0i 2.000000000 + 2.000000000i 2.828427125*CIS( 0.785398163)
- 10 -1.0 + 0.0i -1.000000000 + 0.000000000i 1.000000000*CIS( 3.141592654)
- 11 -1.0 - 1.0i 2.000000000 - 2.000000000i 2.828427125*CIS(-0.785398163)
- 12 0.0 - 1.0i 0.000000000 + 1.000000000i 1.000000000*CIS( 1.570796327)
- 13 1.0 - 1.0i -2.000000000 - 2.000000000i 2.828427125*CIS(-2.356194490)
- 14 5.0 + 0.0i 125.0000000 + 0.0000000i 125.0000000*CIS( 0.0000000)
- 15 5.0 + 3.0i -10.0000000 + 198.0000000i 198.2523644*CIS( 1.6212585)
- 16 0.0 + 3.0i 0.0000000 - 27.0000000i 27.0000000*CIS( -1.5707963)
- 17 -5.0 + 3.0i 10.0000000 + 198.0000000i 198.2523644*CIS( 1.5203342)
- 18 -5.0 + 0.0i -125.0000000 + 0.0000000i 125.0000000*CIS( 3.1415927)
- 19 -5.0 - 3.0i 10.0000000 - 198.0000000i 198.2523644*CIS( -1.5203342)
- 20 0.0 - 3.0i 0.0000000 + 27.0000000i 27.0000000*CIS( 1.5707963)
- 21 -5.0 - 3.0i 10.0000000 - 198.0000000i 198.2523644*CIS( -1.5203342)
-
-
- Complex conjugate: CConjugate = z*
-
- z* z*
- z rectangular polar
- ------------ --------------------------- -----------------------------
- 1 0.0 + 0.0i 0.00000000 + 0.00000000i 0.00000000*CIS( 0.00000000)
- 2 0.5 + 0.5i 0.50000000 - 0.50000000i 0.70710678*CIS( -0.78539816)
- 3 -0.5 + 0.5i -0.50000000 - 0.50000000i 0.70710678*CIS( -2.35619449)
- 4 -0.5 - 0.5i -0.50000000 + 0.50000000i 0.70710678*CIS( 2.35619449)
- 5 0.5 - 0.5i 0.50000000 + 0.50000000i 0.70710678*CIS( 0.78539816)
- 6 1.0 + 0.0i 1.00000000 + 0.00000000i 1.00000000*CIS( 0.00000000)
- 7 1.0 + 1.0i 1.00000000 - 1.00000000i 1.41421356*CIS( -0.78539816)
- 8 0.0 + 1.0i 0.00000000 - 1.00000000i 1.00000000*CIS( -1.57079633)
- 9 -1.0 + 1.0i -1.00000000 - 1.00000000i 1.41421356*CIS( -2.35619449)
- 10 -1.0 + 0.0i -1.00000000 + 0.00000000i 1.00000000*CIS( 3.14159265)
- 11 -1.0 - 1.0i -1.00000000 + 1.00000000i 1.41421356*CIS( 2.35619449)
- 12 0.0 - 1.0i 0.00000000 + 1.00000000i 1.00000000*CIS( 1.57079633)
- 13 1.0 - 1.0i 1.00000000 + 1.00000000i 1.41421356*CIS( 0.78539816)
- 14 5.0 + 0.0i 5.00000000 + 0.00000000i 5.00000000*CIS( 0.00000000)
- 15 5.0 + 3.0i 5.00000000 - 3.00000000i 5.83095189*CIS( -0.54041950)
- 16 0.0 + 3.0i 0.00000000 - 3.00000000i 3.00000000*CIS( -1.57079633)
- 17 -5.0 + 3.0i -5.00000000 - 3.00000000i 5.83095189*CIS( -2.60117315)
- 18 -5.0 + 0.0i -5.00000000 + 0.00000000i 5.00000000*CIS( 3.14159265)
- 19 -5.0 - 3.0i -5.00000000 + 3.00000000i 5.83095189*CIS( 2.60117315)
- 20 0.0 - 3.0i 0.00000000 + 3.00000000i 3.00000000*CIS( 1.57079633)
- 21 -5.0 - 3.0i -5.00000000 + 3.00000000i 5.83095189*CIS( 2.60117315)
-
-
- Complex square root: CSqrt = SQRT(z)
-
- SQRT(z) SQRT(z)
- z root 1 root 2
- ------------ --------------------------- ---------------------------
- 1 0.0 + 0.0i 0.000000000 + 0.000000000i 0.000000000 + 0.000000000i
- 2 0.5 + 0.5i 0.776886987 + 0.321797126i -0.776886987 - 0.321797126i
- 3 -0.5 + 0.5i 0.321797126 + 0.776886987i -0.321797126 - 0.776886987i
- 4 -0.5 - 0.5i 0.321797126 - 0.776886987i -0.321797126 + 0.776886987i
- 5 0.5 - 0.5i 0.776886987 - 0.321797126i -0.776886987 + 0.321797126i
- 6 1.0 + 0.0i 1.000000000 + 0.000000000i -1.000000000 + 0.000000000i
- 7 1.0 + 1.0i 1.098684113 + 0.455089861i -1.098684113 - 0.455089861i
- 8 0.0 + 1.0i 0.707106781 + 0.707106781i -0.707106781 - 0.707106781i
- 9 -1.0 + 1.0i 0.455089861 + 1.098684113i -0.455089861 - 1.098684113i
- 10 -1.0 + 0.0i 0.000000000 + 1.000000000i 0.000000000 - 1.000000000i
- 11 -1.0 - 1.0i 0.455089861 - 1.098684113i -0.455089861 + 1.098684113i
- 12 0.0 - 1.0i 0.707106781 - 0.707106781i -0.707106781 + 0.707106781i
- 13 1.0 - 1.0i 1.098684113 - 0.455089861i -1.098684113 + 0.455089861i
- 14 5.0 + 0.0i 2.236067977 + 0.000000000i -2.236067977 + 0.000000000i
- 15 5.0 + 3.0i 2.327117519 + 0.644574237i -2.327117519 - 0.644574237i
- 16 0.0 + 3.0i 1.224744871 + 1.224744871i -1.224744871 - 1.224744871i
- 17 -5.0 + 3.0i 0.644574237 + 2.327117519i -0.644574237 - 2.327117519i
- 18 -5.0 + 0.0i 0.000000000 + 2.236067977i 0.000000000 - 2.236067977i
- 19 -5.0 - 3.0i 0.644574237 - 2.327117519i -0.644574237 + 2.327117519i
- 20 0.0 - 3.0i 1.224744871 - 1.224744871i -1.224744871 + 1.224744871i
- 21 -5.0 - 3.0i 0.644574237 - 2.327117519i -0.644574237 + 2.327117519i
-
-
- The three cube roots of -1+i: (-1+i)^(1/3)
- (See Schaum's Outline Series "Complex Variables", 1964, p. 18, problem 29.)
-
- z^(1/3) z^(1/3)
- z rectangular polar
- ------------ --------------------------- -----------------------------
- 0 -1.0 + 1.0i 0.793700526 + 0.793700526i 1.122462048*CIS( 0.785398163)
- 1 -1.0 + 1.0i -1.084215081 + 0.290514556i 1.122462048*CIS( 2.879793266)
- 2 -1.0 + 1.0i 0.290514556 - 1.084215081i 1.122462048*CIS(-1.308996939)
-
-
- Complex Bessel function: CI0 = I0(z)
-
- I0(z) I0(z)
- z rectangular polar
- ------------ --------------------------- -----------------------------
- 1 0.0 + 0.0i 1.000000000 + 0.000000000i 1.000000000*CIS( 0.000000000)
- 2 0.5 + 0.5i 0.996094174 + 0.124945749i 1.003899917*CIS( 0.124783947)
- 3 -0.5 + 0.5i 0.996094174 - 0.124945749i 1.003899917*CIS(-0.124783947)
- 4 -0.5 - 0.5i 0.996094174 + 0.124945749i 1.003899917*CIS( 0.124783947)
- 5 0.5 - 0.5i 0.996094174 - 0.124945749i 1.003899917*CIS(-0.124783947)
- 6 1.0 + 0.0i 1.266065878 + 0.000000000i 1.266065878*CIS( 0.000000000)
- 7 1.0 + 1.0i 0.937608477 + 0.496529948i 1.060967316*CIS( 0.487023340)
- 8 0.0 + 1.0i 0.765197687 + 0.000000000i 0.765197687*CIS( 0.000000000)
- 9 -1.0 + 1.0i 0.937608477 - 0.496529948i 1.060967316*CIS(-0.487023340)
- 10 -1.0 + 0.0i 1.266065878 + 0.000000000i 1.266065878*CIS( 0.000000000)
- 11 -1.0 - 1.0i 0.937608477 + 0.496529948i 1.060967316*CIS( 0.487023340)
- 12 0.0 - 1.0i 0.765197687 + 0.000000000i 0.765197687*CIS( 0.000000000)
- 13 1.0 - 1.0i 0.937608477 - 0.496529948i 1.060967316*CIS(-0.487023340)
- 14 5.0 + 0.0i 27.2398718 + 0.0000000i 27.2398718*CIS( 0.0000000)
- 15 5.0 + 3.0i -22.7714931 + 10.3008933i 24.9929850*CIS( 2.7167786)
- 16 0.0 + 3.0i -0.260051955 + 0.000000000i 0.260051955*CIS( 3.141592654)
- 17 -5.0 + 3.0i -22.7714931 - 10.3008933i 24.9929850*CIS( -2.7167786)
- 18 -5.0 + 0.0i 27.2398718 + 0.0000000i 27.2398718*CIS( 0.0000000)
- 19 -5.0 - 3.0i -22.7714931 + 10.3008933i 24.9929850*CIS( 2.7167786)
- 20 0.0 - 3.0i -0.260051955 + 0.000000000i 0.260051955*CIS( 3.141592654)
- 21 -5.0 - 3.0i -22.7714931 + 10.3008933i 24.9929850*CIS( 2.7167786)
-
-
- Complex Bessel function: CJ0 = J0(z)
-
- J0(z) J0(z)
- z rectangular polar
- ------------ --------------------------- -----------------------------
- 1 0.0 + 0.0i 1.000000000 + 0.000000000i 1.000000000*CIS( 0.000000000)
- 2 0.5 + 0.5i 0.996094174 - 0.124945749i 1.003899917*CIS(-0.124783947)
- 3 -0.5 + 0.5i 0.996094174 + 0.124945749i 1.003899917*CIS( 0.124783947)
- 4 -0.5 - 0.5i 0.996094174 - 0.124945749i 1.003899917*CIS(-0.124783947)
- 5 0.5 - 0.5i 0.996094174 + 0.124945749i 1.003899917*CIS( 0.124783947)
- 6 1.0 + 0.0i 0.765197687 + 0.000000000i 0.765197687*CIS( 0.000000000)
- 7 1.0 + 1.0i 0.937608477 - 0.496529948i 1.060967316*CIS(-0.487023340)
- 8 0.0 + 1.0i 1.266065878 + 0.000000000i 1.266065878*CIS( 0.000000000)
- 9 -1.0 + 1.0i 0.937608477 + 0.496529948i 1.060967316*CIS( 0.487023340)
- 10 -1.0 + 0.0i 0.765197687 + 0.000000000i 0.765197687*CIS( 0.000000000)
- 11 -1.0 - 1.0i 0.937608477 - 0.496529948i 1.060967316*CIS(-0.487023340)
- 12 0.0 - 1.0i 1.266065878 + 0.000000000i 1.266065878*CIS( 0.000000000)
- 13 1.0 - 1.0i 0.937608477 + 0.496529948i 1.060967316*CIS( 0.487023340)
- 14 5.0 + 0.0i -0.177596771 + 0.000000000i 0.177596771*CIS( 3.141592654)
- 15 5.0 + 3.0i -0.826710665 + 3.243219941i 3.346927862*CIS( 1.820385436)
- 16 0.0 + 3.0i 4.880792586 + 0.000000000i 4.880792586*CIS( 0.000000000)
- 17 -5.0 + 3.0i -0.826710665 - 3.243219941i 3.346927862*CIS(-1.820385436)
- 18 -5.0 + 0.0i -0.177596771 + 0.000000000i 0.177596771*CIS( 3.141592654)
- 19 -5.0 - 3.0i -0.826710665 + 3.243219941i 3.346927862*CIS( 1.820385436)
- 20 0.0 - 3.0i 4.880792586 + 0.000000000i 4.880792586*CIS( 0.000000000)
- 21 -5.0 - 3.0i -0.826710665 + 3.243219941i 3.346927862*CIS( 1.820385436)
-
-
- Removing "Fuzz" from real numbers for zero test:
-
- Before: -0.000000000000032 + 0.000000000000077i
- After: 0.000000000000000 + 0.000000000000000i
-
- Before: -0.000000000000032*CIS( 3.141592653589793)
- After: 0.000000000000000*CIS( 0.000000000000000)
-
-
- Miscellaneous: FixAngle -- keep angle in interval (-PI..PI)
-
- radians FixAngle
- -------- --------
- -4 -6.28319 0.00000
- -3 -4.71239 1.57080
- -2 -3.14159 -3.14159
- -1 -1.57080 -1.57080
- 0 0.00000 0.00000
- 1 1.57080 1.57080
- 2 3.14159 3.14159
- 3 4.71239 -1.57080
- 4 6.28319 0.00000
- 5 7.85398 1.57080
- 6 9.42478 3.14159
- 7 10.99557 -1.57080
- 8 12.56637 0.00000
-
-
- Real power function: Pwr = x^y
-
- x y x^y
- -------- -------- ------------
- 2.10000 -2.50000 0.156477451
- 2.10000 2.50000 6.390697145
- 1.40000 8.90000 5.066558830
- 0.00000 2.00000 0.000000000
- 4.20000 0.00000 1.000000000
-
-